not unique to python.

function pointers and hashmaps exist in basically all languages

like in lua:

local table = {
  add = function(a, b) return a + b end
}
table["add"](4, 5)

JavaScript:

{
  add: (a, b) => a + b
}

Rust (using hashmaps with string keys is extremely inefficient tho, there are much better options here but whatever)

let map = HashMap::from([
   ("add", |a, b| a + b),
]);

//...

map["add"](1, 3);