Perez was a clear retirement, there was no repair possible. The rear wing assembly could have fallen off. The only reason he brought the car back is the team told him to to avoid the possibility of a safety car.
As far as I know, Max only maybe had slight damage from the contact, plus the loose tire, drivers regularly drive back to the pits in this configuration. They don’t usually keep racing/defending with a flat tire though.
Yes, and even if he didn’t the team should have told him, because they did know. From the report: “The team confirmed in the hearing that the driver had been advised to bring the car back to the pits as they were trying to avoid a Safety Car situation.”
If you penalize a car every time they drop carbon on the track your probably going to have at least one a race. Where did Leclerc’s end plate go, he was missing part of his wing. How about the bits of Norris’s tire that were flying everywhere, and probably bits of carbon from the floor because of it.